ubuntu20.04桌面版快速部署单点k8s

 2024/12/01 

办公电脑装ubuntu了，搞个k8s当测试环境

环境初始化

# 关闭swap
sudo swapoff -a
sudo sed -i '$ s/^/#/' /etc/fstab

# 修改内核，允许路由转发
sudo modprobe br_netfilter
sudo tee > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << 'EOF'
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF
sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf

# 防火墙
sudo systemctl disable ufw.service --now

# 时间同步
sudo apt install -y chrony
sudo systemctl restart chrony
sudo systemctl enable chrony

sudo apt-get update
# apt-transport-https 可能是一个虚拟包（dummy package）；如果是的话，你可以跳过安装这个包
sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gpg

# 准备docker源
sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg-agent software-properties-common
# 官方密钥
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
# 添加docker稳定源
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
sudo apt update

# 安装与配置docker
sudo apt-get install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
	"registry-mirrors": [
		"https://hub-mirror.c.163.com",
		"https://docker.m.daocloud.io",
		"https://ghcr.io",
		"https://mirror.baidubce.com",
		"https://docker.nju.edu.cn"
	],
	"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "100m"
  },
  "storage-driver": "overlay2"
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker
sudo systemctl enable docker --now

安装k8s

# 阿里源
cat <<EOF >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/kubernetes/apt kubernetes-xenial main
EOF
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y kubelet=1.23.1-00 kubeadm=1.23.1-00 kubectl=1.23.1-00

sudo systemctl enable kubelet.service --now
apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl

kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address 10.167.115.99 \
--image-repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --ignore-preflight-errors=SystemVerification

kubectl get nodes
NAME         STATUS     ROLES                  AGE     VERSION
ws-station   NotReady   control-plane,master   3m33s   v1.23.1

被k8s迁移仓库坑惨了，旧的源下不到，新的源又连不上

安装calico

calico.yaml文件

kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

kubectl get nodes
NAME         STATUS   ROLES                  AGE   VERSION
ws-station   Ready    control-plane,master   13h   v1.23.1

kubectl get pod -n kube-system
NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS      AGE
calico-kube-controllers-677cd97c8d-tjn76   1/1     Running   0             54m
calico-node-m8lk6                          1/1     Running   0             54m
coredns-65c54cc984-hgpvp                   1/1     Running   0             13h
coredns-65c54cc984-xlcdp                   1/1     Running   0             13h
etcd-ws-station                            1/1     Running   0             13h
kube-apiserver-ws-station                  1/1     Running   1 (37m ago)   13h
kube-controller-manager-ws-station         1/1     Running   1 (39m ago)   13h
kube-proxy-mgxrl                           1/1     Running   0             13h
kube-scheduler-ws-station                  1/1     Running   1 (39m ago)   13h

部署metrics与使用lens

部署metrics-server

不装metrics，lens连pod的占用率都抓不到，lens吊用没有，所以装一个

mkdir ~/metrics-server
cd ~/metrics-server
# 拉个镜像
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/metrics-server:v0.7.1

sudo tee > metrics-server-rbac.yaml <<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
    rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-admin: "true"
    rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-edit: "true"
    rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-view: "true"
  name: system:aggregated-metrics-reader
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - metrics.k8s.io
  resources:
  - pods
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: system:metrics-server
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes/metrics
  verbs:
  - get
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - pods
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server-auth-reader
  namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: extension-apiserver-authentication-reader
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server:system:auth-delegator
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:auth-delegator
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: system:metrics-server
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:metrics-server
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
EOF

sudo tee > metrics-server-svc.yaml <<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  ports:
  - name: https
    port: 443
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: https
  selector:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
EOF

sudo tee > metrics-server-deployment.yaml <<EOF
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: metrics-server
  strategy:
    rollingUpdate:
      maxUnavailable: 0
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: metrics-server
    spec:
      tolerations:
      - key: "node-role.kubernetes.io/master"
        operator: "Exists"
        effect: "NoSchedule"
      containers:
      - args:
        - /metrics-server
        - --cert-dir=/tmp
        - --secure-port=4443
        - --kubelet-insecure-tls
        - --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP
        - --kubelet-use-node-status-port
        - --metric-resolution=15s
        image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/metrics-server:v0.6.1
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /livez
            port: https
            scheme: HTTPS
          periodSeconds: 10
        name: metrics-server
        ports:
        - containerPort: 4443
          name: https
          protocol: TCP
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /readyz
            port: https
            scheme: HTTPS
          initialDelaySeconds: 20
          periodSeconds: 10
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 10Mi
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
          runAsNonRoot: true
          runAsUser: 1000
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /tmp
          name: tmp-dir
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
      serviceAccountName: metrics-server
      volumes:
      - emptyDir: {} 
        name: tmp-dir
---
apiVersion: apiregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: APIService
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: v1beta1.metrics.k8s.io
spec:
  group: metrics.k8s.io
  groupPriorityMinimum: 100
  insecureSkipTLSVerify: true
  service:
    name: metrics-server
    namespace: kube-system
  version: v1beta1
  versionPriority: 100
EOF

kubectl apply -f .

部署lens

lens是一个管理k8s的IDE，方便运维人员去进行运维

curl -fsSL https://downloads.k8slens.dev/keys/gpg | gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/lens-archive-keyring.gpg > /dev/null
echo "deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/lens-archive-keyring.gpg] https://downloads.k8slens.dev/apt/debian stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/lens.list > /dev/null
sudo apt update && sudo apt install lens
lens-desktop

可以看到成功连接上了我的集群，并且可以看到各个pod的资源占用情况和状态

原文作者：王盛

原文链接：https://akemi.zj.cn/2024/12/01/K8s-Ubuntu-Install/

发表日期：December 1st 2024, 12:39:04 am

更新日期：February 20th 2025, 6:37:27 pm

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CATALOG

1. 环境初始化
2. 安装k8s
3. 安装calico
4. 部署metrics与使用lens
5. 部署lens